Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions with step-by-step solutions
Fractions consist of a numerator (top) and denominator (bottom). To perform operations, different rules apply for each.
| Operation | Rule | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Add | Common denominator, then add numerators | 2/3 + 1/4 = 8/12 + 3/12 = 11/12 |
| Subtract | Common denominator, then subtract | 3/4 − 1/6 = 9/12 − 2/12 = 7/12 |
| Multiply | Numerators × numerators, denominators × denominators | 2/3 × 3/5 = 6/15 = 2/5 |
| Divide | Multiply by the reciprocal of the second | 3/4 ÷ 2/5 = 3/4 × 5/2 = 15/8 |
| Simplify | Divide both parts by their HCF | 18/24 → HCF 6 → 3/4 |
| Fraction | Decimal | Percentage | Fraction | Decimal | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/2 | 0.5 | 50 % | 1/3 | 0.3333… | 33.33 % |
| 1/4 | 0.25 | 25 % | 2/3 | 0.6667… | 66.67 % |
| 3/4 | 0.75 | 75 % | 1/6 | 0.1667… | 16.67 % |
| 1/5 | 0.2 | 20 % | 5/6 | 0.8333… | 83.33 % |
| 2/5 | 0.4 | 40 % | 1/7 | 0.142857… | 14.29 % |
| 1/8 | 0.125 | 12.5 % | 1/9 | 0.1111… | 11.11 % |
| 3/8 | 0.375 | 37.5 % | 1/10 | 0.1 | 10 % |
| 5/8 | 0.625 | 62.5 % | 1/16 | 0.0625 | 6.25 % |
| 7/8 | 0.875 | 87.5 % | 1/100 | 0.01 | 1 % |
2⅓ + 1¾
Convert to improper fractions: 2⅓ = 7/3, 1¾ = 7/4.
LCM of 3 and 4 is 12: 28/12 + 21/12.
= 49/12.
49 ÷ 12 = 4 remainder 1.
4&frac1;⁄₁₂ — or 4.0833 as a decimal
A fraction in lowest terms produces a terminating decimal if and only if the denominator’s only prime factors are 2 and 5 — the primes that divide ten. So 1/8, 1/20 and 1/64 all terminate; 1/3, 1/6, 1/7 and 1/12 all repeat. The length of the repeating block for 1/p, where p is a prime other than 2 or 5, is the multiplicative order of 10 modulo p, which is why 1/7 repeats with a six-digit cycle (142857) and 1/11 with a two-digit one (09).
Find the lowest common multiple of the two denominators, rewrite both fractions over it, then add the numerators and leave the denominator alone. 1/4 + 1/6 becomes 3/12 + 2/12 = 5/12.
Flip the second fraction and multiply. 3/4 divided by 2/5 becomes 3/4 times 5/2, which is 15/8 or 1.875.
0.625 is 5/8. Write it as 625/1000, then divide both numbers by their highest common factor of 125.
Divide the numerator and denominator by their highest common factor. For 18/24 the HCF is 6, so it reduces to 3/4. A fraction is fully simplified when the only common factor left is 1.
Because 3 is not a factor of any power of ten. A fraction terminates only when its simplified denominator is built solely from the primes 2 and 5, so anything with a 3, 7, 11 or similar in the denominator repeats forever.
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